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Vocabulary Quiz:

1. axis of rotation

imaginary line around which an object spins

elusive subatomic particle

cloud of gas collapses under gravity

centered on the Sun

2. stellar remnant

small rocky body orbiting the Sun, smaller than planets

leftover core after a star's death

measurement of celestial object positions and motions

recognizable pattern of stars within a constellation

3. synchronous orbit

tilt of orbit's plane

orbit aligning with a body's rotation

protoplanetary disk around a young star

group of stars gravitationally bound

4. precession

astronomical object catalog

gradual change in a celestial body's axis orientation

slow, continuous movement of celestial objects

large planet with icy composition, e.g., Neptune

5. dwarf planet

small planet-like body orbiting the sun, not classified as planet

instrument for precise astronomical spectral observations

degree of stretching or lengthening

Earth's natural satellite

6. elliptical galaxy

a galaxy shaped like an elongated ellipsoid

total energy emitted by an object

deep-sky astronomical object catalog

gravitational locking of orbits

7. stellar classification

acceleration due to gravity at Earth's surface

velocity causing a celestial body to disintegrate

categorizing stars by spectra and brightness

minor celestial object like asteroid or comet

8. early-type star

star light reddening caused by dust

star with features of different types

hot, blue, massive star with high surface temperature

moon of a moon; hypothetical or minor

9. tidal braking

moon with no regular pattern or orbit

angle between rotational axis and orbital plane

slowing rotation via gravitational forces

large group of galaxy clusters

10. plane of the ecliptic

Sun's apparent path

study of planets

average distance from Earth to Sun (about 149.6 million km)

edge of a celestial body's disk

11. precession of the equinoxes

universe's initial explosive expansion origin event

cloud of ionized hydrogen gas

wobble causing shifting equinox points over time

recognized pattern of stars forming mythic shapes

12. coronal loop

angle between a body's orbit and reference plane

magnetic arc of plasma in the solar corona

vernal equinox point marking celestial coordinates

surface marking distinguished by reflectivity differences

13. Galactic Center

study of motion of celestial objects

gas cloud with molecules, star-forming

perspective from Earth's surface

central region of the Milky Way galaxy

14. Laniakea Supercluster

categorization of stars by spectrum

vast supercluster including the Milky Way

star and its planets or companions

reflectivity of a surface, ratio of reflected to incident light

15. ice giant

brightness of object as seen from Earth

abundance of elements heavier than helium

large planet with icy composition, e.g., Neptune

edge of a celestial body's disk

16. subsatellite

stable position in a two-body system

instantaneous orbital ellipse

secondary satellite orbiting a satellite

speed moving along a circular path

17. moment of inertia factor

massive burst of solar plasma and magnetic fields

parameters defining an orbit

velocity of an orbiting object

measure of resistance to rotation

18. satellite galaxy

pair of stars appearing close in the sky

smaller galaxy orbiting a larger one

part of Sun obscured

center point of Earth's mass

19. September equinox

event marking start of fall in northern hemisphere

visible distribution of stars in the sky

center of mass of two or more orbiting bodies

bright area on the Sun's surface

20. redshift